Analysis of District Heating and Cooling Energy Systems in Spain: Resources, Technology and Management

District heating and cooling (DHC) systems play an important role under the new European Union (EU) energy transition strategy. Thermal networks are helping to stimulate development of alternative technologies based on a broad range renewable sources. The present study analysed current situation DHC in Spain provides overview challenges future opportunities that their use will entail. Its objective is assess thermal conversion management from holistic perspective, including existing infrastructures. focus this lies given country’s abundance natural resources such as sources solar energy, biomass geothermal among others, well its strategic location map EU. Based analysis three factors for district system, namely resources, technology, management, methodology provided assessment different involved running system. results show estimated total production 1448 MWth, which 72% supplied purely by